AXLE RETENTION, CARRIER CONFIGURATIONS, AND DRIVELINE FUNDAMENTALS This is the fifth and final part of a five-part series on axles and drives theory. This section covers axle retention and differential…

DIFFERENTIALS, IRS, AND RWD DRIVELINE ARCHITECTURE The following is part four of a five part series on axles & drives theory. This section covers differential dynamics and rear axle assemblies,…

FWD AXLES, PLUNGE JOINTS, AND CV JOINT GEOMETRY The following is part three of a five part series on axles & drives theory.This section covers front-wheel drive (FWD) axle architecture…

WHY UNIVERSAL JOINTS VIBRATE AND HOW CV JOINTS SOLVE THE PROBLEM The following is part two of a five part series on axles & drives theory. This section covers velocity…

This is the second and final part of a two-part series on 4WD & transfer case system theory. What separates a reliable 4WD system from one that fails at the…

The following is Part 1 of a five part series on axles & drives theory. This section covers the fundamental architecture of rear-wheel drive shaft systems, including the core principles…

The following is Part 1 of our two part series on 4WD systems & transfer case theory. What happens inside a vehicle when you shift from two-wheel drive to four-wheel…

This is the fourth and final part of a four-part series on automatic transmission system theory. Part 4 covers how modern automatic transmissions use electronic control systems to replace mechanical…

Part 3 covers the essential hydraulic and mechanical components that make automatic transmission shifting possible, including brake bands and their servo actuators, multi-disc clutches, accumulators, the manual valve, pressure regulation,…

This is Part 2 of a 4-part series on automatic transmission fundamentals. Part 2 covers the fundamental mechanics of automatic transmission planetary gearsets, including their three core members, the five…